• r2-163-10
    Horseman riding towards altar, overview. (©Archaeological Exploration of Sardis/President and Fellows of Harvard College)

    Horseman Riding Towards Altar

    Date
    Late Hellenistic or early Empire, Roman
    Sardis or Museum Inv. No.
    S64.046
    Material
    Marble, Stone
    Object Type
    Sculpture
    Sculpture Type
    Votive Relief, Animal
    Site
    Sardis
    Sector
    HoB
    Trench
    MTE
    B-Grid Coordinates
    E48 / S128 *101.10
    Findspot
    HoB.
    Description

    A horseman with a flying cloak rides an elongated horse towards the r. The horse wears a saddle blanket, a belt which goes over his rump, a bridle, and two reins shown against his neck on one side. He has short incised curls for a mane. The man is shown in profile except for his chest, which is nearly frontal. He rides on a high ground in line towards an altar, which rests on a three-stepped base on a lower ground line. Upon the altar is an indistinct object, either a “Phrygian” helmet, or a cake. Only faintly visible behind the altar is a tree with a snake wound around it.

    The relief was probably not a predella, but an independent votive to a horseman hero. The elongated horse may be late Hellenistic or early Imperial, as suggested by H. Möbius (letter of May 25, 1971).

    Condition

    Large-grained, possibly local marble. Originally covered with dense red layer.

    R. side and bottom original; sides are slightly slanted and carefully smoothed. L. side broken. Top trimmed obliquely. Back smooth but with some large point marks left.

    Dimensions
    H. 0.28; W. 0.395; D. 0.055; L. of horse 0.225.
    Comments
    Similar horsemen with flying capes also appear on stelai. Cf. the pediment of one from Thessaloniki: Robert, Gladiateurs, no. 12, p. 79, pl. XXII. For a horseman in chlamys and tunic, approaching an altar, see Fıratlı, Stèles, no. 206, pl. LIV. Cf. also Cat. 253 (Fig. 436). On altars themselves, cf. Hoffmann, Altars. H. Möbius, letter May 25, 1971, first identified the snake and tree. For a close parallel, see Will, Le relief cultuel, 74ff. and fig. 6. Also Fıratlı, Stèles, no. 185, p. 112, pl. XLV. Also Vermeule, Equestrian Zeus, 74, fig. 3. On the horseman hero cult, Thompson, Terracottas, 56f., 108ff., pls. 27-28. Cf. Bammer-Fleischer-Knibbe, Fuhrer Museum Selcuk Ephesos, 154f., inv. no. 702; p. 148., inv. no. 246, and reference therein to Pfuhl, Beiwerke, 91f.
    See Also
    Bibliography
    Author
    NHR