The three reliefs which follow, two venatio compositions and an enigmatic cult scene, were found together, by chance, in a vegetable garden, ca. 145 m. W of PBr and ca. 130 m. E of the mausoleum of Claudia Antonia Sabina (No. 32.1 on Fig. 1; the findspot is ca. W430/S25) in the spring of 1975. Similarity of size, material, and style suggest that they came from the same monument. The surface accretions are the same, indicating that they were buried at the same time and place. According to the owner of the land they were lying side by side when found. Fallen debris was observed but no walls, thus there is no known evidence for the monument which they adorned. The subject is appropriate to the decoration of an amphitheater, but the small scale (W. 1 m. ±) accords more with that of an honorary or funerary monument, and the immediate area along the highway was occupied by tombs. The late style and crudeness of execution preclude association with the mausoleum of Claudia Antonia Sabina; they must have come from some later tomb or honorary monument. The figures resemble those on the arch of Constantine and the compositional organization in registers, with no background or ground lines, suggests a date of mid-3rd or early 4th C. A.D. The discussion of these three reliefs had been greatly helped by a special study by J.A. Scott. A detailed publication will be produced by the staff of the Archaeological Museum, Manisa. We wish to thank the Director, Kubilay Nayır, for his cooperation in making the reliefs available for study for this volume.

For monuments with venatio reliefs commemorating the services of Asiarchs and other persons who had paid for the games see Sardis VII, no. 162; for use on funerary vs. honorary monuments, cf. Robert, Gladiateurs, 42-43. For a funerary altar with animals in registers on either side, idem, Monuments des Gladiateurs, no. 321, pl. XVI:2-4. For the mausoleum of Claudia Antonia Sabina, cf. Sardis V, 4-5, figs. 1-2 and Cat. 243 (Fig. 422).

Roughly sketched indications of arcades (?) in the background suggests the representation of an amphitheater event. The three-register composition is more rigid than that of Cat. 147. At the upper r. is a man striding into the arena and signaling with his r. arm raised. He wears a sleeved tunic and has cap-like hair. Below him is a second figure in similar pose but apparently wearing the subligaculum. His head is too abraded to say if he wears a cap. Both figures are the same size and may be bestiarii who have released and are spurring the animals to fight; compare the similar figure in Cat. 146 (Fig. 288) and an earlier relief of bull games and animal fights from Apri. Just to the l. in the lowest register a third man bends to his r. and grasps the horns of a bull which is simultaneously attacked from the rear by a bear. The man wears a belted garment with some cross folds indicated. He seems to wear a cap. On the l. a hound is jumping toward the bear.

Above, a bull in full career is attacked by four hounds. Two jump at him symmetrically from the sides. Below, one hound has fastened to his r. rear leg and is jumping to r. Another is flying to the l. below the bull, perhaps admonished by the venatores. The arrangement of four dogs makes a nearly symmetrical composition. The scene may show bull grappling, taurokathapsia.

Same marble and surface accretion as Cat. 147 (Fig. 290).

Damaged at l. top and along bottom; lower r. corner broken off. Rough trimmed at back and sides. On top, traces of fastened clamp (P.L. 0.05; W. 0.02); a broken area in center might come from another fastening device.