The ancient Lydian capital of Sardis was a keystone of western Asia Minor and one of the most important political centers of the Aegean and Near Eastern worlds. In the two centuries of Graeco-Macedonian dominance that followed the conquests of Alexander the Great, Sardis functioned as a royal residence, imperial administrative center, and garrison site, as well as a revived urban center for new military foundations and older settlements. New archaeological data and focused academic engagement now offer an unprecedented opportunity to produce an integrated, fine-grained study of a crucial stage in the long life of this ancient city.